Colonoscopy
A colonoscopy is a medical procedure used to examine the inside of the large intestine (colon) and rectum. It's an important tool for diagnosing and treating various gastrointestinal conditions, including colorectal cancer, polyps, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and other abnormalities.
During a colonoscopy, a long, flexible tube called a colonoscope is inserted into the rectum and guided through the colon. The colonoscope contains a camera and light at its tip, allowing the doctor to visualize the lining of the colon on a monitor in real time. This enables the doctor to look for any signs of inflammation, bleeding, polyps, tumors, or other abnormalities.
If any abnormal tissue is found during the procedure, the doctor can often take a biopsy (a small tissue sample) for further examination. Additionally, certain treatments can be performed during a colonoscopy, such as removing polyps or stopping bleeding.
Colonoscopies are typically recommended for individuals at average risk for colorectal cancer starting at age 50, and then every 10 years thereafter. However, screening may be recommended earlier or more frequently for individuals with certain risk factors, such as a family history of colorectal cancer or a personal history of polyps or inflammatory bowel disease.
The procedure is usually performed under sedation to make the patient more comfortable, and it typically takes about 30 minutes to an hour to complete. Afterward, patients may experience some temporary discomfort, such as bloating or mild cramping, but these symptoms usually resolve quickly. It's important to follow the pre-procedure instructions provided by the healthcare provider, which often include dietary restrictions and bowel preparation to ensure a clear view of the colon during the procedure.
